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PREGUNTAS SOBRE LA BIBLIA | ¿Qué significa la ley del “ojo por ojo”?


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Esta ley se aplicaba a quienes hacían daño a propósito a otras personas. En esos casos, la Ley mosaica decía: “Fractura por fractura, ojo por ojo, diente por diente; la misma clase de defecto que le cause al hombre, eso es lo que se le debe causar a él” (Levítico 24:20).

 

La ley del “ojo por ojo” no daba permiso para vengarse. Más bien, ayudaba a los jueces nombrados a imponer castigos apropiados, ni demasiado severos ni demasiado blandos.

Esta ley también servía como medida disuasoria para los que hicieran daño a otros de manera intencionada o estuvieran pensando en hacerlo. Como la Ley misma explicaba, quienes vieran cómo se ponía en práctica la justicia de Dios tendrían miedo y nunca volverían a “hacer ninguna cosa mala como esta” (Deuteronomio 19:20).

 ¿Deben seguir los cristianos la ley del “ojo por ojo”?

No, los cristianos ya no están obligados a seguir esta ley. Era parte de la Ley mosaica, que quedó anulada con la muerte de Jesús (Romanos 10:4).

De todos modos, esta ley nos ayuda a entender la manera de pensar de Dios. Por ejemplo, muestra que Dios valora la justicia (Salmo 89:14). También nos enseña que él considera justo que quienes hacen algo malo deben ser castigados “hasta el grado debido” (Jeremías 30:11).

 Conceptos erróneos sobre la ley del “ojo por ojo”

Lo que algunos creen: La ley del “ojo por ojo” era demasiado severa.

La verdad: Esta ley no favorecía que se aplicara la justicia de manera severa ni cruel. De hecho, cuando se aplicaba correctamente, los jueces nombrados solo podían decidir el castigo después de analizar las circunstancias y el grado de intencionalidad del ofensor (Éxodo 21:28-30; Números 35:22-25). Por lo tanto, la ley del “ojo por ojo” evitaba que se impusieran castigos excesivos.

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