What are common causes of sudden weight gain or loss?

[Celeste Robinson]

Sudden weight gain or loss can be caused by various factors, some of which may indicate underlying health issues. Here are common causes for each:

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Causes of Sudden Weight Gain:

1. Fluid Retention (Edema): Caused by conditions like kidney disease, heart failure, or liver disease, leading to swelling in the body.
2. Hypothyroidism: An underactive thyroid can slow metabolism, causing weight gain even without changes in diet or activity.
3. Medication Side Effects: Certain drugs like steroids, antidepressants, or birth control can lead to rapid weight gain.
4. Cushing's Syndrome: Excess cortisol production can cause fat accumulation, particularly in the abdomen, face, and upper back.
5. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): Hormonal imbalances related to PCOS can cause weight gain, particularly around the waist.
6. Emotional Eating or Stress: Stress and emotional eating can lead to overeating and weight gain, especially from high-calorie comfort foods.
7. Menopause: Hormonal changes during menopause can lead to weight gain, particularly around the abdomen.

Causes of Sudden Weight Loss:

1. Hyperthyroidism: An overactive thyroid increases metabolism, leading to unexplained weight loss despite a normal or increased appetite.
2. Diabetes: Uncontrolled diabetes can cause weight loss due to the body breaking down fat and muscle for energy.
3. Cancer: Certain types of cancer, particularly in the digestive tract, may cause rapid weight loss.
4. Gastrointestinal Disorders: Conditions like Crohn's disease, celiac disease, or IBS may affect nutrient absorption, leading to weight loss.
5. Depression or Anxiety: Mental health conditions can reduce appetite, leading to unintentional weight loss.
6. Chronic Infections: Tuberculosis, HIV, or other chronic infections can lead to significant weight loss as the body fights the infection.
7. Medication Side Effects: Some drugs, such as chemotherapy or certain antidepressants, can cause weight loss as a side effect.

If sudden, unexplained weight changes occur, it's important to consult a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment.